Chapter Thirteen was titled "Ideology and Terror: A novel form of government", which she had published separately in 1953. Hannah Arendt verfasste Elemente und Ursprünge totaler Herrschaft unter dem Eindruck der alles umwälzenden Erfahrung des Zweiten Weltkriegs, des Holocaust und des noch andauernden Stalinismus. [12][13], Arendt begins the book with an analysis of the rise of antisemitism in Europe, particularly focusing on the Dreyfus affair. November 1989; Top van Malta (1989) Who is Mikhail Gorbachev? Few ideologies have won enough prominence to survive the hard competitive struggle of persuasion, and only two have come out on top and essentially defeated all others: the ideology which interprets history as an economic struggle of classes, and the other that interprets history as a natural fight of races. 10 This report led to a split between Arendt and Gershom Scholem, see, Stéphane Mosès, Das Recht zu urteilen: Hannah Arendt, Gershom Scholem und der Eichmann-Prozess, in: Garry Smith (note 5), 78. Hannah Arendt war eine jüdische deutsch-US-amerikanische politische Theoretikerin und Publizistin. Elemente und Ursprünge totaler Herrschaft, Europäische Verlagsanstalt: Frankfurt 1955, 782 S.) Authors; Authors and affiliations; Lars Rensmann; Chapter. - über Adolf Eichmann, in: Hannah Arendt: Eichmann in Jerusalem, 2004, S. 76 The totalitarian mass leaders based their propaganda on the correct psychological assumption that, under such conditions, one could make people believe the most fantastic statements one day, and trust that if the next day they were given irrefutable proof of their falsehood, they would take refuge in cynicism; instead of deserting the leaders who had lied to them, they would protest that they had known all along that the statement was a lie and would admire the leaders for their superior tactical cleverness.”, “The ideal subject of totalitarian rule is not the convinced Nazi or the convinced Communist, but people for whom the distinction between fact and fiction (i.e., the reality of experience) and the distinction between true and false (i.e., the standards of thought) no longer exist.”, “Before mass leaders seize the power to fit reality to their lies, their propaganda is marked by its extreme contempt for facts as such, for in their opinion fact depends entirely on the power of man who can fabricate it.”, “Caution in handling generally accepted opinions that claim to explain whole trends of history is especially important for the historian of modern times, because the last century has produced an abundance of ideologies that pretend to be keys to history but are actually nothing but desperate efforts to escape responsibility.”, “One of the greatest advantages of the totalitarian elites of the twenties and thirties was to turn any statement of fact into a question of motive.”, “There is hardly a better way to avoid discussion than by releasing an argument from the control of the present and by saying that only the future will reveal its merits.”, “True goal of totalitarian propaganda is not persuasion, but organization of the polity. Hannah Arendt (Linden, Hannover, 14. listopada 1906. idegen Arendt, Hannah. [note 1] A German translation was published in 1955 as Elemente und Ursprünge totaler Herrschaft ("Elements and Origins of Totalitarian Rule"). Here, Arendt discusses the transformation of classes into masses, the role of propaganda in dealing with the non-totalitarian world, and the use of terror, essential to this form of government. (1990) München und Berlin: Piper, 2017, pp. (eds. [citation needed]. The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951) Kontext: The concentration camps, by making death itself anonymous (making it impossible to find out whether a prisoner is dead or alive), robbed death of its meaning as the end of a … Europas Juden hatten sich, nach Jahrhunderten bewusster Abschottung, ab dem 18. All Quotes This capital required overseas investments outside of Europe to be productive and political control had to be expanded overseas to protect the investments. Hannah Arendt, nada Johanna Arendt en Linden-Limmer, un distrito de Hannover, ... levaba o título Elemente und Ursprünge totaler Herrschaft (literalmente, Elementos e orixes do dominio total). Hannah Arendt war eine jüdische deutsch-amerikanische politische Theoretikerin und Publizistin. Such a man was Zola!”, “the last century has produced an abundance of ideologies that pretend to be keys to history but are actually nothing but desperate efforts to escape responsibility.”, “Imperialism was born when the ruling class in capitalist production came up against national limitations to its economic expansion. The Origins of Totalitarianism was first published in English in 1951. This perplexing consequence came fully to light as soon as equality was no longer seen in terms of an omnipotent being like God or an unavoidable common destiny like death. Moreover, he finds further fault with how normative Arendt's conception of revolution is, describing its basis as "explicit old-fashioned philosophical idealism". 12, § 3. 49 people found this helpful. The breeding ground for Syria’s totalitarian mentality begins with the “weaponisation of group identities”, which has become an inherent part of political identity under Assad’s rule. ), Andersheit, Fremdheit Exklusion (2009); J. Klabbers, ‘Possible Islands of Predictability: The Legal Thought of Hannah Arendt’, (2007) 20 LJIL 1; H. Lindahl, ‘Give and Take: Arendt and the Nomos of Political Community’, (2006) 32 Philosophy and Social Criticism 881; C. Volk, Die Ordnung der Freiheit (2010). On the one hand, the Bolshevik system, unlike the Nazis, never admitted theoretically that it could practice terror against innocent people, and though in view of certain practices this may look like hypocrisy, it makes quite a difference. Jahrhundert assimiliert und sich in Politik, Gesellschaft und Wirtschaftsleben integriert. The Origins of Totalitarianism [Elemente und Ursprünge totaler Herrschaft] (revised ed.). ARENDT Hannah. Arendt, Hannah 1955: Elemente und Ursprünge Totaler Herrschaft, Frankfurt, pp. Whenever equality becomes a mundane fact in itself, without any gauge by which it may be measured or explained, then there is one chance in a hundred that it will be recognized simply as a working principle of a political organization in which otherwise unequal people have equal rights; there are ninety-nine chances that it will be mistaken for an innate quality of every individual, who is “normal” if he is like everybody else and “abnormal” if he happens to be different. Stanford, Princeton, Yale, University of Chicago, etc. - Cited by 293,629 - political theory - philosophy - political philosophy - Elemente und Ursprünge totaler Herrschaft, 1956, S. 704) "[Ich sah bei Eichmanns Berichten vor Gericht] seine nahezu totale Unfähigkeit, jemals eine Sache vom Gesichtspunkt eines anderen her zu sehen." Quotes By Hannah Arendt. Chapter Fourteen dealt with the Hungarian Re… The Origins of Totalitarianism[1] was first published in English in 1951. Part 3, Ch. [10][8] A key concept arising from this book, was the application of Kant's phrase "Radical Evil",[11] which she applied to the men who created and carried out such tyranny and their depiction of their victims as "Superfluous People". — Hannah Arendt, buch Elemente und Ursprünge totaler Herrschaft Quelle: The Origins of Totalitarianism „A mixture of gullibility and cynicism had been an outstanding characteristic of mob mentality before it became an everyday phenomenon of masses. [16], She then discusses scientific racism, and its role in colonialist imperialism, itself characterized by unlimited territorial and economic expansion. Elemente und Ursprünge totaler Herrschaft (1951) Opkomst van revolutionaire raden (1963) The Tragedy of the Commons (1968) Val van de Berlijnse Muur. — Hannah Arendt, buch Elemente und Ursprünge totaler Herrschaft. One of the most beautiful examples of this kind of sophistry occurred after 1933 when the German Communists for nearly two years refused to recognize that Hitler's victory had been a defeat for the German Communist Party.”, “The outstanding negative quality of the totalitarian elite is that it never stops to think about the world as it really is and never compares the lies with reality.”, “Mass propaganda discovered that its audience was ready at all times to believe the worst, no matter how absurd, and did not particularly object to being deceived because it held every statement to be a lie anyhow.”, “Men have been found to resist the most powerful monarchs and to refuse to bow down before them, but few indeed have been found to resist the crowd, to stand up alone before misguided masses, to face their implacable frenzy without weapons and with folded arms to dare a no when a yes is demanded. Hannah Arendt On The Holocaust. Até a terceira edición de 1966 repasou e ampliou a obra. A second, enlarged edition was published in 1958, and contained two additional chapters, replacing her original "Concluding Remarks". ... What convinces masses are not facts, and not even invented facts, but only the consistency of the system of which they are presumably part.”, “Totalitarianism in power invariably replaces all first-rate talents, regardless of their sympathies, with those crackpots and fools whose lack of intelligence and creativity is still the best guarantee of their loyalty.”, “Never has our future been more unpredictable, never have we depended so much on political forces that cannot be trusted to follow the rules of common sense and self-interest—forces that look like sheer insanity, if judged by the standards of other centuries. [6], The Origins of Totalitarianism, like many of Arendt's books is structured as three essays, "Antisemitism", "Imperialism" and "Totalitarianism". [25], Book by Hannah Arendt examining the origins of Communism and Nazism, Originally published in the United Kingdom as, Lifeworld and System: A Critique of Functionalist Reason, The 100 Best Non-fiction Books of the Century, Intercollegiate Studies Institute's "50 Best Books of the 20th Century" (Non-fiction), "Race and Empire in Nineteenth-Century France", "Totalitarianism in the age of Trump: lessons from Hannah Arendt", "The Origins of Totalitarianism, by Hannah Arendt", Hannah Arendt Institute for Research on Totalitarianism, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Origins_of_Totalitarianism&oldid=1015985148, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 4 April 2021, at 19:05. Biography []. Published by Europäische Verlagsanstalt (1955) Seller ... Hannah Arendt. First german edition of which there were no grand papier (deluxe) copies. The book describes the various preconditions and subsequent rise of anti-Semitism in central, eastern, and western Europe in the early-to-mid 19th century; then examines the New Imperialism, from 1884 to the start of the First World War (1914–18); then traces the emergence of racism as an ideology, and its modern application as an “ideological weapon for imperialism”, by the Boers during the Great Trek in the early 19th century (1830s–40s). Refresh and try again. Preface to the first edition, written in the summer of 1950. Coming from the class-ridden society of the nation-state, whose cracks had been cemented with nationalistic sentiment, it is only natural that these masses, in the first helplessness of their new experience, have tended toward an especially violent nationalism, to which mass leaders have yielded against their own instincts and purposes for purely demagogic reasons.”, “Factuality itself depends for its continued existence upon the existence of the nontotalitarian world.”, “What proved so attractive was that terrorism had become a kind of philosophy through which to express frustration, resentment, and blind hatred, a kind of political expressionism which used bombs to express oneself, which watched delightedly the publicity given to resounding deeds and was absolutely willing to pay the price of life for having succeeded in forcing the recognition of one’s existence on the normal strata of society.”, “The most striking difference between ancient and modern sophists is that the ancients were satisfied with a passing victory of the argument at the expense of truth, whereas the moderns want a more lasting victory at the expense of reality”, “A fundamental difference between modern dictatorships and all other tyrannies of the past is that terror is no longer used as a means to exterminate and frighten opponents, but as an instrument to rule masses of people who are perfectly obedient. Lutz Fiedler, HU Berlin. “The point is that both Hitler and Stalin held out promises of stability in order to hide their intention … ... Mass propaganda discovered that its audience was ready at all times to believe the worst, no matter how absurd, and did not particularly object to being deceived because it held every statement to be a lie anyhow. Total domination does not allow for free initiative in any field of life, for any activity that is not entirely predictable. Consultant: Leora Bilsky, Tel-Aviv-University. Johanna "Hannah" Arendt (14 October 1906 – 4 December 1975) was a German-born American philosopher and political theorist. Arendt, Hannah (1976) [1951, New York: Schocken]. [22] Wasserstein cited Arendt's systematic internalization of the various anti-Semitic and Nazi sources and books she was familiar with, which led to the use of many of these sources as authorities in the book,[23] although this has not been substantiated by other Arendt scholars. Antisemitismus, Imperialismus, totale Herrschaft. [14] The European Jewry's association with the nation-state meant that their destinies were to an extent tied. Odrasta u socijaldemokratskoj asimiliranoj židovskoj obitelji u Königsbergu.Od 1924. do 1929. studira filozofiju, teologiju i grčki jezik kod Martina Heideggera i Rudolfa Butmanna u Marburgu, kod Edmunda Husserla u Freiburgu i kod Karla Jaspersa u Heidelbergu. — Hannah Arendt, buch Elemente und Ursprünge totaler Herrschaft. Ingo Kieslich (Ph.D, Coordinator, Hannah Arendt — Complete Works. [24], Such scholars as Jürgen Habermas supported Arendt in her 20th century criticism of totalitarian readings of Marxism. Was heißt persönliche. ), bila je njemačka filozofkinja.. Životopis. Totale Herrschaft: Hannah Arendt / Elemente und Ursprünge. [21], The book has also attracted criticism, among them a piece in the Times Literary Supplement in 2009 by University of Chicago professor Bernard Wasserstein. But far beyond the boundaries within which race-thinking and class-thinking have developed into obligatory patterns of thought, free public opinion has adopted them to such an extent that not only intellectuals but great masses of people will no longer accept a presentation of past or present facts that is not in agreement with either of these views.”, “The truth is that the masses grew out of the fragments of a highly atomized society whose competitive structure and concomitant loneliness of the individual had been held in check only through membership in a class. Elemente und Ursprünge Imperialismus. Odrasta u socijaldemokratskoj asimiliranoj židovskoj porodici u Königsbergu.Između 1924. i 1929. studira filozofiju, teologiju i grčki jezik kod Martina Heideggera i Rudolfa Butmanna u Marburgu, kod Edmunda Husserla u Freiburgu i kod Karla Jaspersa u Heidelbergu. In Soviet Russia the situation is more confused, but the facts, unfortunately, are only too obvious. 20k Downloads; Zusammenfassung. [18], Le Monde placed the book among the 100 best books of any kind of the 20th century, while the National Review ranked it #15 on its list of the 100 best non-fiction books of the century. This was the case in Nazi Germany when full terror was directed against Jews, i.e., against people with certain common characteristics which were independent of their specific behavior. As Arendt observed, "modern anti semitism grew in proportion as traditional nationalism declined, and reached its climax at the exact moment when the European system of nation-states and its precarious balance of power crashed." Piper, 1991. Die verborgene Tradition. Read more . 20. Arendt is widely considered one of the most important political philosophers of the twentieth century. The chief characteristic of the mass man is not brutality and backwardness, but his isolation and lack of normal social relationships. Imperialismus. They were satisfied with blind partisanship in anything that respectable society had banned, regardless of theory or content, and they elevated cruelty to a major virtue because it contradicted society’s humanitarian and liberal hypocrisy.”, “Nothing perhaps illustrates the general disintegration of political life better than this vague, pervasive hatred of everybody and everything, without a focus for its passionate attention, with nobody to make responsible for the state of affairs—neither the government nor the bourgeoisie nor an outside power. Hannah Arendt On The Holocaust books. In so doing, Nazism sought, among other reasons, to organize the masses to bring about the disintegration of the nation-state system, and to advance the totalitarian project which was global in its orientation . A German translation was published in 1955 as Elemente und Ursprünge totaler Herrschaft ("Elements and Origins of Totalitarian Rule"). Totalitarianism in power invariably replaces all first-rate talents, regardless of their sympathies, with those crackpots and fools whose lack of intelligence and creativity is still the best guarantee of their loyalty. The Origins of Totalitarianism (German Elemente und Ursprünge totaler Herrschaft, i.e. A second, enlarged edition was published in 1958, and contained two additional chapters, replacing her original "Concluding Remarks". Bibliography. The more equal conditions are, the less explanation there is for the differences that actually exist between people; and thus all the more unequal do individuals and groups become. 752. Error rating book. In this book, Arendt argues that totalitarianism was a "novel form of government," that "differs essentially from other forms of political oppression known to us such as despotism, tyranny and dictatorship"[7] in that it applied terror to subjugate mass populations rather than just political adversaries. Arendt concludes that while Italian Fascism was a nationalist authoritarian movement, Nazism and Stalinism were totalitarian movements that sought to eliminate all restraints upon the power of the movement. [2] Chapter Thirteen was titled "Ideology and Terror: A novel form of government", which she had published separately in 1953. Editorial assistant, Sechs Essays. Terror as we know it today strikes without any preliminary provocation, its victims are innocent even from the point of view of the persecutor. Was ist Politik? James McFarland, Vanderbilt University. In 1924, after having completed her high school studies, she went to Marburg University to study with Martin Heidegger.The encounter with Heidegger, with whom she had a brief but intense love-affair, had a lasting influence on her thought. Elemente und Ursprünge totaler Herrschaft. These movements are hostile to the state and antiparliamentarist and gradually institutionalize anti-Semitism and other kinds of racism. 623ff.] [19] The Intercollegiate Studies Institute listed it among the 50 best non-fiction books of the century. The Origins of Totalitarianism, published in 1951, was Hannah Arendt's first major work, wherein she describes and analyzes Nazism and Stalinism as the major totalitarian political movements of the first half of the 20th century. The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951) Kontext: The totalitarian attempt at global conquest and total domination has been the destructive way out of all impasses. — Hannah Arendt, buch Elemente und Ursprünge totaler Herrschaft. Just a moment while we sign you in to your Goodreads account. Elemente und Ursprünge totaler Herrschaft. When she speaks of human existence bound to political action and participation, she often limits it to the ‘civilized world,’ which has to be distinguished [16.Hannah, Arendt, Elemente und Ursprünge totaler Herrschaft. [10] In particular, Arendt traces the social movement of the Jewry in Europe since their emancipation by the French edict of 1792, and their special role in supporting and maintaining the nation-state, while failing to assimilate into the European class society . Trotz einschüchterndem Umfang, teilweise schwerer Lesbarkeit und zeitbedingten Abstrichen sind die „Elemente und Ursprünge totaler Herrschaft“ auch heute mit Gewinn und Nutzen zu lesen, wenn man sich viel Zeit nimmt für dieses ziemlich einzigartige und eigenwillige Opus magnum einer der großen Frauen des letzen Jahrhunderts. Russian practice, on the other hand, is even more "advanced" than the German in one respect: arbitrariness of terror is not even limited by racial differentiation, while the old class categories have long since been discarded, so that anybody in Russia may suddenly become a victim of the police terror. First Online: 19 March 2016. 2022: 2023: 5: Origins of Totalitarism / Elemente und Ursprünge totaler Herrschaft: Hermann Kappelhoff, Freie Univeristät Berlin. Welcome back. Piper, 2003 »Es handelt sich um eine Einführung in das, was … Intellectual, spiritual, and artistic initiative is as dangerous to totalitarianism as the gangster initiative of the mob, and both are more dangerous than mere political opposition. [10] That unlimited expansion necessarily opposed itself and was hostile to the territorially delimited nation-state. On the ‘civil war’ among intellectuals in New York, which was caused by Arendt's report, see, for example, Anthony Grafton, Arendt und Eichmann am Esstisch , in: G. Smith (note 5), 57. Hannah Arendt's definitive work on totalitarianism and an essential component of any study of twentieth-century political history. Totale Herrschaft by Arendt, Hannah (ISBN: 9783492210324) from Amazon's Book Store. It is as though mankind had divided itself between those who believe in human omnipotence (who think that everything is possible if one knows how to organize masses for it) and those for whom powerlessness has become the major experience of their lives.”, “That Hegelian dialectics should provide a wonderful instrument for always being right, because they permit the interpretations of all defeats as the beginning of victory, is obvious.
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